Microfluidic synthesis of ultrasmall Co nanoparticles over reduced graphene oxide and their catalytic properties

We prepared a one-stage microfluidic-based method for continuous synthesis of cobalt (Co) nanoparticles over reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to produce Co/rGO composites. These were generated by the coreduction of Co²⁺ ions and GO with NaBH₄ which was confined within discrete aqueous plugs segmented by octane as continuous phase. Owing to the excellent transfer properties from recirculation in these plugs, ultrasmall Co nanoparticles were distributed homogeneously on the GO sheets without using any surfactants. As compared to batch methods, the average size of Co nanoparticles and the relative standard deviation decreased from 4.0 ± 1.42 nm and 35.9% to 2.0 ± 0.45 nm and 22.6%, respectively. The as-prepared Co/rGO composites exhibited superior activity towards the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol with NaBH₄ compared with Co nanoparticles and rGO; this enhanced activity could be attributed to the synergistic effect between Co nanoparticles and rGO.     

一种X射线数字成像检测缺陷尺寸的测量方法

提出了一种X射线数字成像检测缺陷尺寸的测量方法。借鉴半波高法,以半波高法下的尺寸测量误差为基准,对不同缝隙尺寸试样在相同的检测条件下进行X射线数字成像检测,计算该检测条件下的总不清晰度,总结出缺陷尺寸与总不清晰度比值同波高比例的关系,并通过试验进行了验证。结果表明,该方法简单、实用性强,可为实现缺陷尺寸的准确测量提供技术支持。     

熔模铸件砂眼缺陷分析

阐述了熔模铸造铸件出现砂眼缺陷的特征与出现的部位,分析了砂眼缺陷产生的内、外部原因并提出了相应的对策。结果表明,砂眼是由于型壳内、外部的型砂和/或耐火材料进入型腔形成的,尽量减少影响型壳质量的人为因素,提高型壳质量是防止铸件砂眼最有效的措施。     

锻后热处理对AF1410钢冲击韧性和晶粒度的影响

研究了AF1410钢锻后不同热处理温度和保温时间对冲击韧性和晶粒度的影响。结果表明,随锻后热处理温度的降低,AF1410冲击吸收能量先升高后降低,并且AF1410晶粒度尺寸逐渐减小,但减小幅度变小且趋于均匀化。同一锻后热处理温度下不同保温时间对AF1410冲击韧性有一定的影响,但影响不大,而对晶粒度几乎无影响。     

Electrolyte effects on recirculating dense bubbly flow: An experimental study using X-ray imaging

In this work, the effect of an electrolyte (up to 2 M of NaCl dissolved in water) on a homogeneous dense bubbly flow, in an airlift bubble column, is studied using nonintrusive techniques. X-ray and high-speed imaging are used to investigate the bubble size distribution, the local and the global gas-fraction profiles. The major effect of the electrolyte is the bubble size distribution at the fine-pore sparger, which is a consequence of the bubble coalescence inhibition promoted by the electrolyte. The bubble plume widening, the increase in overall gas fraction, and the onset of bubble recirculation in the column can all be explained by the bubble size reduction at the fine-pore spargers. As a result of the bubble size reduction, the overall role of the electrolyte is in a reduction of the driving force for the liquid recirculation. Furthermore, an accumulation of the small bubbles causes a layer of foam at the free surface, which is dynamic in nature and induces additional bubble recirculation.     

Modeling of an industrial scale hydrodynamic cavitation multiphase reactor for Prileschajew epoxidation

The hydrodynamic cavitation multiphase reactor (HCMR) is emerging as a promising alternative for the intensification of liquid–liquid heterogeneous reactions, but research on HCMR modeling is lacking. In this article, an HCMR model was developed using Prileschajew epoxidation as the model system. First, based on experimental measurements of oil/water two-phase flow downstream of hydrodynamic cavitation devices, semiempirical correlations were proposed to describe the droplet size and droplet size distribution (DSD) as functions of flow conditions and geometry parameters. Then, with boundary conditions calculated by the DSD correlation, a droplet dynamics simulation in a reaction tank was performed by computational fluid dynamics coupled with population balance model to obtain the two-phase interfacial area. Finally, the acquired reactor model was substituted into an overall kinetic model, to simulate the epoxidation reaction in HCMR. Model predictions were verified by experimental results measured on an industrial scale HCMR.     

Inequality and city size: An analysis for OECD functional urban areas

As cities grow, both the productivity of their inhabitants and the income distribution among them is expected to change. While the empirical literature has widely shown how productivity (and income) changes with city size, the empirical evidence on the effects on income inequality remains very limited. The few papers that study the relationship between city size and city-level inequality focus on a single country and do not provide international comparative evidence. In this paper, we study the relationship between city size and income inequality at city level for a sample of 153 functional urban areas (FUAs) across 11 OECD countries.     

胶凝剂对彩砂耐磨性的影响研究

以钢渣颗粒为骨料,分别包裹无机胶凝剂、有机胶凝剂和无机-有机复合胶凝剂制备人造彩砂,研究了胶凝剂掺量对彩砂耐磨性的影响,并利用XRD、SEM及TG等方法测试彩砂的结构组成特性。结果表明,随胶凝剂掺量的增加,彩砂磨损率先快速降低后趋于平缓;单独用无机胶凝剂和有机胶凝剂所得彩砂的磨损率均较高,分别为2.39%~0.58%和1.70%~0.80%;采用在无机胶凝剂中掺加小于10%有机胶凝剂配制的复合胶凝剂,彩砂的磨损率显著降低,最低可降至0.05%。复合胶凝剂中无机组分与有机组分发生协同反应是彩砂磨损率显著降低的原因。     

改善某机涡轮叶片荧光渗透检测背景过度的试验

荧光渗透检测某机高压涡轮叶片时,批量性出现荧光背景过度导致无法检测叶片的问题。采用理论和工艺试验相结合的方法,分析了荧光背景过度产生的原因,制定了有效的解决方法,较好地改善了该高压涡轮叶片的荧光背景。     

球磨工艺和分散剂对陶瓷结合剂粉体解团聚的影响

通过球磨工艺和添加分散剂相结合的方法对陶瓷结合剂团聚体进行解团聚，研究球磨参数和分散剂添加量对解团聚效果及结合剂机械性能的影响，并用激光粒度分析仪、SEM、万能材料试验机测试结合剂粉体解团聚前后的粒度、显微形貌、抗折强度。结果表明:采用小粒径(5 mm)的磨球，添加质量分数为2.5%的分散剂球磨2 h后，结合剂粉体分散性良好，基本没有团聚现象，其D₅₀可降至0.186 μm，且球磨后的粉体在700 ℃烧结后，其抗折强度达到26.2 MPa，比原始团聚体烧结后样品的强度提升了近45%。